Ngabe injini yeloli ilungisa kanjani ukusebenza ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo?

Izinjini zeloliIngabe umgogodla wezimoto ezisindayo, unika amandla ukuthuthwa kwezentengiselwano kuyo yonke imboni. Injini yeloli iguqula uphethiloli ibe amandla emishini, eshayela amasondo eloli ngenkathi egcina ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwethembeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.

Izinjini zeloli zesimanje zenzelwe ukulinganisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokwenza kahle uphethiloli. Ngenkathi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokucima idizayini yenjini, ukugxila okuyisisekelo kuhlala kungashintshi: ukuletha i-torque ephezulu, amandla amahhashi asetshenzisiwe, nokusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Ithebula elilandelayo linikeza ukubuka okufushane kokucaciswa kwenjini ejwayelekile yamaloli:

Lokhu kubukwa okuhlelekile kugcizelela womabili umphumela wamandla nokuhambisana nemithetho yokuphuma, ukugqamisa ukuthi izinjini zeloli zizokwenziwa zombili ukusebenza kanye nokusimama.

Izinjini zeloli ziqala ukuguquguquka kwemithwalo phakathi kwemisebenzi ende yokudonsa, ukudiliva idolobha kanye nokuhamba komgwaqo. Ukusebenza kahle kuyinhlanganisela yokuphathwa kwamafutha, ukuhlelwa kwenjini, nezinhlelo zokulawula okushisayo. I-TurboCharging, ngokwesibonelo, ithuthukisa amandla ngaphandle kokwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokuphoqelela umoya omningi ube amakamelo okuvutha. Umjovo we-Direct Fuel uqinisekisa ukulethwa kwamafutha okuqondile, ukunciphisa imfucuza kanye nokwenza ngcono okukhipha amandla.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Thermal kubalulekile. Izinjini zifakwe izinhlelo ezithuthukile zokupholisa kanye nama-liccoolers ukuvikela ukwehla ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okusindayo okusindayo. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo kunciphisa ukugqoka ezintweni zangaphakathi ezinjengamaPistons, ama-valve, kanye namabhele, ukunweba impilo yenjini.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ngezinjini zeloli - Ingxenye 1
Q: Kufanele kusetshenziswe kangaki uhlelo lwamafutha enjini yeloli?
A: Izinhlelo zikawoyela kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngamamayela ayi-15,000-20,000 noma ngesincomo somkhiqizi. Ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kuvimbela ukuvalwa, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganisa, futhi kugweme ukulahleka kokusebenza ngenxa yokugqoka okufakwayo noma ukungcoliswa kwamafutha.

Q: Yiziphi izinto ezithonya isikhathi sokuphila kwenjini yeloli kakhulu?
A: Izimo Zokusebenza, imvamisa yesondlo, ikhwalithi kaphethiloli, kanye nokuphathwa kokulayisha yizisulu eziyinhloko. Ukugwema i-Idling ngokweqile, ukuqapha amazinga apholile, kanye nokushintsha okufika ngesikhathi kawoyela kwandisa kakhulu isikhathi eside.

Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe benjini ithuthukisa kanjani ukuthembeka kwamaloli?

Idizayini yenjini yeloli iye yavela kakhulu, ihlanganisa amayunithi okulawulwa ngogesi (ecus), ama-turbocharger athuthukile, kanye nokunciphisa ubuchwepheshe. ECus uthuthukise ukulethwa kwamafutha kanye nesikhathi sokulahla isikhathi ngokususelwa ezimeni zomthwalo, ukuphakama, kanye nokushisa, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuma okulimazayo. Ama-Systems we-ger Recicer (EGR) amasistimu wezinhlelo kanye nama-diesel izinhlanjambali (ama-DPF) athuthukise ukuhambisana namazinga ezemvelo ngenkathi egcina ukuthembeka kwenjini.

Izinto zokwenziwa kwenjini nazo zinomthelela ekulinganiseni. Ama-alloys anamandla aphezulu nezinto eziqinisiwe zinciphisa ukugqoka futhi zithuthukise ukumelana nokushisa. Ama-geometry geometry turbocharger aguqukayo alungisa i-airflow ngamandla, ukuhlinzeka nge-torque engaguquki kuma-RPM aphansi naphezulu, okuzuzisa kakhulu amaloli noma izintaba ezinezintaba.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile mayelana nezinjini zeloli - Ingxenye 2
Q: Izinjini zeloli ezinamaloli zingaphatha imithwalo esindayo ende ngaphandle komonakalo?
A: Yebo, izinjini zesimanje ze-turbocharged zenzelwe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo okuphezulu komthwalo. Kodwa-ke, ukupholisa okufanelekile, kushintsha amafutha ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nokuphathwa kokulayisha kubalulekile ukuvikela ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukugqoka kwe-turbo.

Q: Iyiphi indima edlalwa indima yenjini ekusebenzeni kwamaloli?
A: Ukuqashwa kwenjini yesikhathi sangempela kuvumela ukunakekelwa kokubikezela ngamapharamitha okulandela umkhondo okufana nokushisa, ingcindezi kawoyela kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-turbo. Izaziso ezifika ngesikhathi zivimbela ukwehluleka okubizayo nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kaphethiloli.

Ngabe izinjini zeloli zibumba kanjani ikusasa lokuhamba kwezentengiso?

Imboni yamaloli iya ngokuya igcizelela ukusimama, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza ezicijile. Izinjini zeloli ze-Hybrid kanye nama-drivetrains agcwele kagesi zivelele izitayela, ezihlanganisa ama-motors kagesi anezinjini zendabuko zedizali zokukhipha okuncishisiwe futhi athuthukise amandla e-Urban Manemability. Ama-telematics athuthukile kanye nokuhlaziya okuqageluzayo avumela abaqhubi bezikebhe ukuthi bahlele isondlo, ukuqapha ukusebenza komshayeli, futhi basebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kususelwa kumzila kanye nedatha yokulayisha.

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezintsha zokufaka ugesi, izinjini ezijwayelekile zeDiesel zihlala zibaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni amaloli omubi omude ngenxa yobuningi bamandla amakhulu, basungule ingqalasizinda ye-refueling, kanye nokwethenjwa okufakazelwe. Imiklamo yenjini ihamba kancane kancane, inika amandla ukulungiswa okusheshayo, ukuthuthukiswa okulula, futhi kuncishiswe isikhathi sokuphumula, kunomthelela ovuthayo we-Fleet kanye nomnotho wokusebenza.

Izinjini zeloli ze-lano ziletha kanjani ukusebenza nokwethembeka

Intambo enkuluIzinjini zeloli ziveza ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nobunjiniyela obuthuthukisiwe. Yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso okuqinile, izinjini ze-lano zihlinzeka ngokuphuma okuphezulu kwe-torque, ukusebenza kahle kwamafutha, kanye nokuhambisana namazinga okukhishwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukwakhiwa kwabo okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka ngaphansi kokusebenza okuqhubekayo, ngenkathi i-turbocharging kanye ne-ECU Management Management ikhulisa ukusebenza kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.

Abaphathi bemikhumbi bangazuza kumashejuli we-Lano Engess Englines Movie Moderes kanye nempilo yenkonzo ende, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokuqapha injini ezakhelwe emalolini e-lano zivumela ukulandelwa kwesikhathi sangempela kwamapharamitha abucayi, ukusekela amasu wokugcina wokulungisa.

Kumabhizinisi afuna izinjini ezinamandla eziqinile, i-lano ihlinzeka ngokuxhaswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezixazululo ezihambisana nezezimali zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza.Xhumana nathiNamuhla ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngezinjini zeloli ze-lano futhi uhlole izinketho zokusebenza kwezimoto zakho kanye nezidingo zokwethenjwa.